This module is always available. It provides access to the
mathematical functions defined by the C standard. They are:
acos (x )
Return the arc cosine of x .
asin (x )
Return the arc sine of x .
atan (x )
Return the arc tangent of x .
atan2 (y, x )
Return atan(y / x ) .
ceil (x )
Return the ceiling of x as a real.
cos (x )
Return the cosine of x .
cosh (x )
Return the hyperbolic cosine of x .
exp (x )
Return e**x .
fabs (x )
Return the absolute value of the real x .
floor (x )
Return the floor of x as a real.
fmod (x, y )
Return x % y .
frexp (x )
Return the matissa and exponent for x . The mantissa is
positive.
hypot (x, y )
Return the Euclidean distance, sqrt(x *x + y *y ) .
ldexp (x, i )
Return x * (2**i ) .
log (x )
Return the natural logarithm of x .
log10 (x )
Return the base-10 logarithm of x .
modf (x )
Return the fractional and integer parts of x . Both results
carry the sign of x . The integer part is returned as a real.
pow (x, y )
Return x **y .
sin (x )
Return the sine of x .
sinh (x )
Return the hyperbolic sine of x .
sqrt (x )
Return the square root of x .
tan (x )
Return the tangent of x .
tanh (x )
Return the hyperbolic tangent of x .
Note that frexp() and modf() have a different
call/return pattern than their C equivalents: they take a single
argument and return a pair of values, rather than returning their
second return value through an `output parameter' (there is no such
thing in Python).
The module also defines two mathematical constants:
pi
The mathematical constant pi .
e
The mathematical constant e .
See Also:
Module cmath :
Complex number versions of many of these functions.
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